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了解Android网络Api: 如何使用Android网络Api优化您的应用程序


在Android中,网络API是用于与服务器进行通信的一组类和方法,这些API允许应用程序从服务器获取数据、发送请求和处理响应,以下是一些常用的Android网络API:

android 网络api_Android(图片来源网络,侵删)

1. 什么是HttpURLConnection?

HttpURLConnection是Android内置的一个HTTP客户端,可以用来发送HTTP请求和接收HTTP响应,它支持GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等HTTP方法。

android 网络api_Android(图片来源网络,侵删)

connect(): 建立连接

getInputStream(): 获取输入流,读取服务器返回的数据

getResponseCode(): 获取HTTP响应码

getHeaderField(String name): 获取指定名称的响应头字段值

示例代码:

import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.URL;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        new Thread(new Runnable() {            @Override            public void run() {                try {                    URL url = new URL("https://api.example.com/data");                    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");                    connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);                    connection.setReadTimeout(5000);                    connection.connect();                    int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();                    if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {                        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));                        String line;                        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {                            Log.d("MainActivity", line);                        }                        reader.close();                    } else {                        Log.e("MainActivity", "请求失败,响应码:" + responseCode);                    }                    connection.disconnect();                } catch (Exception e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }).start();    }}

2. 为什么要使用OkHttp?

OkHttp是一个高效的HTTP客户端,用于Android和Java应用,它支持同步和异步请求,可以缓存请求结果,支持连接池等特性。

android 网络api_Android(图片来源网络,侵删)

newCall(Request request): 创建一个新的请求并执行,返回一个Call对象,用于发送请求和处理响应。

enqueue(Callback callback, Object tag): 将请求添加到队列中,异步执行,当请求完成时,会调用回调函数。

cancel(): 取消当前请求,如果请求已经完成或者没有正在执行的请求,此方法无效。

execute(): 同步执行请求,返回响应结果,注意:这个方法会阻塞主线程,不建议在UI线程中使用。

示例代码:

import okhttp3.*;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import okhttp3.logging.HttpLoggingInterceptor;import okhttp3.logging.OkHttpLogger;import okhttp3.logging.Level;import org.json.JSONObject;import org.json.JSONArray;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.concurrent.*; // for futures and promises in the examples below, if needed...  // https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki/Recipes#usingfuturesandpromisesinokhttpclientscallsandlisteners// https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki/Recipes#usingasynccallbackswithokhttpclientscallsandlisteners// https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki/Recipes#usingsynchronizationwithokhttpclientscallsandlisteners// https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki/Recipes#usingtimeoutswithokhttpclientscallsandlisteners// https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki/Recipes#usingcookieswithokhttpclientscallsandlisteners// https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki/Recipes#usinginterceptorswithokhttpclientscallsandlisteners// https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki/Recipes#usingproxieswithokhttpclientscallsandlisteners// https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki/Recipes#usingssltlssocketfactorywithokhttpclientscallsandlisteners// https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki/Recipes#usingcacheswithokhttpclientscallsandlisteners// http://square.github.io/okhttp/3.x/okhttp/okhttp3/Call.html// http://square.github.io/okhttp/3.x/okhttp/okhttp3/Callback.html// http://square.github.io/okhttp/3.x/okhttp/okhttp3/ResponseBody.html// http://square.github.io/okhttp/3.x/okhttp/okhttp3/ResponseBodySourceCallbacksAdapterFactory$SourceCallbacksAdapter$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$.html// http://square.github.io/okhttp/3.x/okhttp/okhttp3/ResponseBodySourceCallbacksAdapterFactory$SourceCallbacksAdapter$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$.html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$OkHttpClientBuilderConfigurationBuilder$addInterceptorBuilder$addInterceptorBuilder$addInterceptorBuilder().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$OkHttpClientBuilderConfigurationBuilder$addNetworkInterceptorBuilder().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$OkHttpClientBuilderConfigurationBuilder$addCacheInterceptorBuilder().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$OkHttpClientBuilderConfigurationBuilder$addProtocolInterceptorBuilder().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$OkHttpClientBuilderConfigurationBuilder$addProxyInterceptorBuilder().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$build().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$addInterceptor().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$addNetworkInterceptor().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$addCacheInterceptor().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$addProtocolInterceptor().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$addProxyInterceptor().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/OkHttpClientBuilder$build().html// http://square.github.io/okhttpclient/CallExecutorServiceCallExecuterFactory$$Lambda$79684697254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254997254lambda~

以下是一个关于Android网络API的介绍示例,该介绍列出了常用的网络API类别、对应的主要功能以及一些常见的库或方法。

API类别 功能描述 常见库/方法
HTTP请求 发送和接收网络请求,如GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等 OkHttp、Retrofit、Volley、HttpURLConnection
JSON解析 解析和生成JSON格式的数据 Gson、Jackson、Fastjson、org.json
XML解析 解析和生成XML格式的数据 PullParser、SAXParser、org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser
网络图片加载 异步加载网络图片,支持缓存、变换等 Glide、Picasso、Fresco、Universal Image Loader
网络视频播放 实现网络视频的播放功能 ExoPlayer、IjkPlayer、MediaPlayer
网络数据加密 对网络传输的数据进行加密和解密 OpenSSL、Bouncy Castle、Conscrypt
WebSocket 实现客户端与服务器间的实时通信 JavaWebSocket、OkHttp WebSocket
Socket编程 使用TCP/UDP协议进行网络通信 java.net.Socket、java.net.DatagramSocket
文件上传与下载 实现文件的上传和下载功能 OkHttp、Retrofit、Androidasynchttp
网络监测 监测网络状态和速度,优化应用性能 Network Monitor、Android API(ConnectivityManager)
OAuth认证 实现第三方登录和授权功能 OAuthlib、Signpost、GoogleAuthUtil
RESTful API 提供基于REST架构的网络服务,便于应用间数据交互 Retrofit、Spring Boot、Jersey

这个介绍仅作为参考,实际开发中可以根据项目需求选择合适的网络API和技术。

有任何问题或建议吗?欢迎在评论区留言,谢谢观看!

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